method()

The proper context for calling a regular method depends on whether the method returns a value or not.If the method returns a value, it is an expression and can be called from any context where an expression is valid.

Variables Inside Methods
To declare a local variable inside a method is same as declaring in a struct, only difference is the variable declaration should start with reserve word var as shown in example below.

is [C routine]

We can import a c function/routine into e and use it as regular e method. There are two ways to this.

Syntax 

Units vs. Structs

The decision of whether to model a DUT component with a unit or a struct often depends on your verification strategy. Compelling reasons for using a unit instead of a struct include:

e Units are the basic structural blocks for creating verification modules (verification cores) that can easily be integrated together to test larger and larger portions of an HDL design as it develops. 

Extending struct And subtypes
 Expending the existing structs are done to add struct members to a previously defined struct or struct subtype.
 Members added to the base struct type in extensions apply to all other extensions of the same struct.

The basic organization of an e program is a tree of structs. A struct is a compound type that contains data fields, procedural methods, and other members.

Struct Types
Structs are the basis building blocks for any e language based testbenches. This are similar to class in C++ and thus are used for constructing compound data structures. Like in C++ and C, we can use this compound data structures in all the places like

Introduction
The e language has a number of predefined data types including the integer and Boolean scalar types common to most programming languages. Below is list of data types that we will be seeing in detail in next few pages. As such e language data types are far better then what we find in SystemC and TestBuilder (man I hate type conversions).

Lexical Conventions
Since e language was developed based on other programming languages, Most of the syntax is more or less same as other programming language. So if you know lexical conventions of C++ or C, then you can follow e language without any problem.

'e' What To Learn ?

E language is a vast language, so learning everything in short time is not possible. But to get started or to get to a position where one can write testbench and checker,

Verification Flow With Specman
Verification flow with specman is same as with any other HVL's. Below figure shows the verification flow with specman.

Boolean Function Implementation

Earlier we had seen that it is possible to implement Boolean functions using decoders. In the same way it is also possible to implement Boolean functions using muxers and de-muxers.

De-multiplexers
They are digital switches which connect data from one input source to one of n outputs.